![]() The historian Eusebius Pamphilus, Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine, who lived during the fourth century A.D., identified Menes as Mestraim (or Egypt as in the Greek translation), the grandson of Noah. This palette seems to have commemorated the unification or establishment of Egypt. The first king of the 1 st Dynasty of Egypt was probably Menes, whom some scholars identify with Narmer, who left a beautiful stone cosmetic palette that was found in 1898 at Hierakonpolis in southern Egypt. ![]() The pyramid of Khufu was originally 479 feet (146 m) in height. The Egyptian priest and historian Manetho, who lived in the third century B.C., divided the history of Egypt’s rulers into 30 dynasties, although some of his dynasties began with the same family as the preceding dynasty. If there were a palace coup, a political upheaval, or a foreign invasion that unseated the reigning monarch, that could begin a new dynasty. To guarantee its security, it had to be protected from predators and tomb robbers, hence the elaborate mastabas and pyramids in which they were buried.Ī dynasty is usually regarded as a line of kings descending from father to son. ![]() To preserve the body, it needed to be embalmed or mummified. For the ba to continue its peaceful and happy existence, there were two necessities-the preservation and security of the body. The ba could leave the tomb to travel the Nile or enjoy the outdoor life and then return to the tomb at night. ![]() The ka partook of the food offerings that were provided by those who cared for the tomb. The ka was supposed to dwell in the tomb of the deceased and could occupy the mummified body. The Egyptians believed there were two entities that left the body at death. Most modern religions believe in the existence of a soul or spirit that leaves the body after death. They spent a lot of time and money in preparing for this future life. They worshiped many gods and believed in an afterlife. The ancient Egyptians were a very religious people. One Egyptian concept of stellar movements was that a divine scarab beetle pushed the sun in its assumed orbit around the earth.
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